Search results for " postprandial"
showing 10 items of 12 documents
Postprandial adaptation of intestinal lipid metabolism : role of CD36 and PPAR beta
2011
Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. The small intestine participates in the postprandial triglyceridemia since both the size and number of secreted chylomicrons modulate lipoprotein lipase activity (LPL). Chylomicron synthesis is a complex mechanism in which the lipidation of Apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) by the Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTP) and the transfer between reticulum and Golgi in which the Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein (L -FABP) is involved are limiting steps. An intestinal fat-mediated adaptation in postprandial period has been demonstra…
Acute activation of cannabinoid receptors by anandamide reduces gastrointestinal motility and improves postprandial glycemia in mice.
2015
International audience; The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is associated with an alteration of glucose homeostasis dependent on cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) activation. However, very little information is available concerning the consequences of ECS activation on intestinal glucose absorption. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with anandamide, an endocannabinoid binding both CB1R and CB2R. We measured plasma glucose and xylose appearance after oral loading, gastrointestinal motility, and glucose transepithelial transport using the everted sac method. Anandamide improved hyperglycemia after oral glucose charge whereas glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity were impaired, pointing out so…
Comparative effects of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone on fasting and postprandial low-density lipoprotein size and subclasses in patients with Type 2…
2008
To assess the effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on fasting and postprandial low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size and subclasses in patients with Type 2 diabetes.Nine Type 2 diabetic patients (age 61 +/- 10 years, body mass index 30 +/- 5 kg/m(2), glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] 7.5 +/- 0.5%) were randomized in a crossover trial to rosiglitazone 4 mg b.i.d. or pioglitazone 45 mg/day for 12 weeks with an 8-week wash-out period. LDL size and subclasses were determined by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. A standardized breakfast was served and variables were assessed after 3 and 6 h.HbA1c, insulin sensitivity (as assessed by the homeostasis model assessment) and…
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF ROSIGLITAZONE AND PIOGLITAZONE ON FASTING AND POSTPRANDIAL LDL-SIZE AND SUBCLASSES IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE-2 DIABETES
2008
POSTPRANDIAL HYPERGLYCEMIA IS A DETERMINANT OF PLATELET ACTIVATION IN EARLY 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
2010
BACKGROUND: Chronic hyperglycemia is a major contributor to in vivo platelet activation in diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, on platelet activation and its determinants in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: Forty-eight subjects (26 males, aged 61 +/- 8 years) with early type 2 diabetes (baseline hemoglobin A(1c) < or = 7% and no previous hypoglycemic treatment) were randomly assigned to acarbose up to 100 mg three times a day or placebo, and evaluated every 4 weeks for 20 weeks. The main outcome measures were urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane (TX)B(2) (marker of in vivo platelet activation) and 8-iso-prostaglandi…
Mécanisme d’absorption intestinale des acides gras à longue chaîne : rôle émergent du CD36
2012
International audience; Excessive lipid intake, associated with a qualitative imbalance, favors the development of obesity and associated diseases. Among the organs involved in lipid homeostasis, the small intestine remains the most poorly known although it is responsible for the lipid bioavailability and largely contributes to the regulation of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. The mechanism of long chain fatty acid (LCFA) intestinal absorption is not totally elucidated. The synthesis of recent literature indicates that the intestine is able to adapt its absorption capacity to the fat content of the diet. This adaptation takes place through a fat-coordinated induction of LBP and apolipopr…
Sobrecarga oral con grasa insaturada y estrés oxidativo en sujetos con obesidad abdominal
2015
Introducción: la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) constituye la primera causa de morbimortalidad en los países desarrollados. La base patogénica de la ECV es la arteriosclerosis. La obesidad abdominal (OA) es una de las principales causas para el desarrollo de alteraciones metabólicas como insulinorresistencia (IR), DM-2, HTA, y dislipemia mixta y por tanto del riesgo de desarrollar arteriosclerosis y ECV. La OA y la IR generan estrés oxidativo, mecanismo implicado en el desarrollo de la arteriosclerosis. Los sujetos con OA e IR presenta un aumento de estrés oxidativo tanto en estado basal como postprandial. Desde varias décadas se considera la lipemia postprandial (LPP) como un factor de ri…
Lipemia postprandial y regulación génica en la obesidad mórbida
2018
La obesidad es una enfermedad multifactorial que ocasiona una alteración metabólica crónica. Los pacientes con obesidad mórbida presentan un riesgo elevado de desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares, así como de presentar resistencia a la insulina implicada en la patogenia del síndrome metabólico y el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. La incapacidad actual para prevenir o revertir el desarrollo de la obesidad nos obliga a buscar estrategias alternativas para identificar a aquellos sujetos con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones cardiometabólicas. La heterogeneidad existente parece no poder explicarse por los factores de riesgo “clásicos” conocidos. La lipemia postprandial …
Efecto de la sobrecarga oral con grasa insaturada sobre los marcadores de estrés oxidativo e inflamación : estudios de lipemia postprandial en sujeto…
2011
Objetivos: Estudiar el efecto en los marcadores de estrés oxidativo (EO) en linfomonocitos circulantes y de inflamación sistémica relacionada con la arteriosclerosis tras un sobrecarga oral con grasa (SOG) monoinsaturada en sujetos con hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF) heterocigota y comparar esta respuesta con la obtenida en sujetos normolipémicos normoglucémicos. Sujetos y métodos: Se estudiaron 14 pacientes FH y 22 voluntarios sanos como grupo control. En ambos, se determinaron el cociente glutation oxidado/reducido y niveles de malondialdehido en linfomonocitos y niveles plasmáticos de IL-6, IL8, TNFα, eotaxina, MCP-1 y MIP-1α en ayunas y a las 2, 4, 6 y 8 horas tras una SOG. Asimismo, …
Low-density lipoproteins generated during an oral fat load in mild hypertriglyceridemic and healthy subjects are smaller, denser, and have an increas…
2005
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins generated during the postprandial phase are atherogenic. Large very low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) or chylomicrons (CMs) are not as atherogenic as their remnants (Rem). Small and dense LDLs are associated with cardiovascular disease. Low-density lipoprotein size is partly under genetic control and is considered as a relatively stable LDL feature. In this article, we present data on retinyl palmitate kinetics correlated with the modification of LDL features in terms of size, density, and in vitro receptor binding affinity after an oral fat load. Six nondiabetic, hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) patients and 6 healthy controls were examined. Low-density lipoprotein s…